Tip: You can check which layers use which projection by clicking the plus sign next to the projection's name. XY tolerance defines how close two coordinates must be to be considered the same coordinate.
The default value is fine. The next parameter is for database storage configuration. You don't have to worry about this parameter. Lastly, you'll add the attribute fields. Although you can manually create fields by entering names and data types, you can also import attributes from an existing feature class.
The list of fields populates with the fields of the Roads feature class: Name and Status. It currently has no features. To add a feature of the proposed road, you'll use the image as a reference and trace the unofficial roads that coincide with the road's location.
To start digitizing a feature, you'll begin an editing session. An editing session begins and the Editor toolbar is turned on, showing several options for editing.
The Edit tool is active by default. The Edit tool selects or moves features from any editable layer. This tool is useful for modifying existing features, but doesn't create new features. Tip: Any toolbar can be moved by dragging it around the ArcMap window.
If moved to the top of the window, the toolbar will dock. The pointer changes to crosshairs, allowing you to draw features. Before you begin, you'll explore some drawing behavior. The pointer is pulled toward features. This behavior is called snapping. Snapping makes it easy to connect new features to other features. However, it makes it difficult to create features that are close to other features but don't touch exactly. Because the planned road connects to the Official Roads , Roads , and Cities layers, snapping will be useful.
However, you'll turn off other feature layers so you don't accidentally snap to them while digitizing. Note: If snapping is not enabled by default, turn on the Snapping toolbar by clicking Customize , pointing to Toolbars , and choosing Snapping.
On the Snapping toolbar, click Snapping and choose Use Snapping. The Trace tool traces an existing feature, making it useful for the portions of the proposed road that overlap sections of existing roads. If you use the Zoom In tool, you'll have to reselect both the Planned Road feature template and the Trace tool after you zoom in. Alternatively, use keyboard shortcuts to make certain tools active without changing the selected tool on the toolbar.
Hold the C key to make the Pan tool active. While holding the C key, hold the Shift key to make the Zoom In tool active, allowing you to draw a box on the map to zoom in. When you release the C and Shift keys, the Trace tool will become active again.
Once you click the endpoint, the pointer immediately starts tracing any existing features you hover over. If you reach the edge of the map extent, hold the C key to make the Pan tool active, pan to the right, and release the C key to resume tracing. After you click, a feature with the current symbology of the Planned Road layer appears on the map.
Green squares on the line indicate vertices and the red square indicates the endpoint. The next section of the road doesn't coincide with existing features. You'll draw the next section with the Straight Segment tool. The pointer changes to crosshairs and is connected to the endpoint by a line. If the cursor snaps to the nearby unofficial road when you place your vertex, temporarily disable snapping by holding the spacebar.
A new segment is added and the endpoint the red square moves to the location you clicked. For the final section of the proposed road, you'll trace another existing feature. The proposed road feature is selected and the vertices disappear. If you're satisfied with your road, you'll save your edits.
Until you save your edits, all of your edits can be undone by ending the editing session or exiting ArcMap. Even if you save the map document, your edits will remain unsaved. Tip: If you don't like how your road turned out, you can either discard the edits by ending the editing session and redoing the drawing, or edit individual vertices in the road with the Edit Vertices tool on the Editor toolbar.
Don't stop editing yet. You'll make more edits in the next section. The proposed road has been digitized, but it uses the default symbology of the Planned Road layer, which is thin and difficult to see on the map.
Also, while you added attribute fields when you created the feature class, those fields have no attribute data. You'll give the proposed road symbology similar to that of the existing roads, but it should also be distinct and attention-grabbing. You'll import the symbology from the Official Roads layer and alter it to make it stand out.
The orange line appears on the Symbol button. The only change you'll make to the symbol is its color. Next, you'll add attribute data to the proposed road feature. The digitized feature is the layer's only feature. Neither field has attribute data. If you are in an editing session, you can directly edit attribute tables.
You should be in an editing session from the previous section. If not, start an editing session using the Editor toolbar. The proposed road would have extended the highway to the western part of the state. Next, you'll estimate the deforestation the road would have caused. In the previous lesson, you determined the percentage of land that was deforested 5. To find a total area not a percentage of potential deforestation around the proposed road, you'll buffer the Planned Road layer to the same 5.
You'll also remove areas of existing deforestation so they won't be included in your total. If the Deforested Area layer is difficult to see on top of the buffer, change the buffer's symbology to a darker color. There are some areas where deforestation has already occurred. You don't want to include already deforested areas in your analysis. You'll remove existing deforestation from the buffer with the Erase tool.
The Erase tool subtracts parts of one layer that overlap another layer. The Erase tool is not one of the tools that can be accessed from the Geoprocessing menu. Instead, you'll search for the tool. The Search window opens. Note: If you haven't used the Search window before, it will open on top of the Catalog. You can return to the Catalog by closing the Search window or using the tabs at the bottom of the window. Like the Catalog and Create Features windows, the Search window can be moved and docked anywhere in the ArcMap application window.
The Erase dialog box opens. The tool will take the Input Features and subtract from them areas that overlap with the Erase Features. In this case, it will remove areas of deforestation from the buffer.
To find out how much of this area would have been deforested, you'll multiply the area by the percentage value you obtained earlier. You'll add a new field to estimate the deforestation of the buffer around the proposed road.
You'll then multiply the total area by the percentage value you just copied. You'll also convert the area from square meters to square kilometers so the value is appropriate for what it measures.
The field is added to the attribute table. Next, you'll use the Field Calculator to find the estimated deforested area in square kilometers. One kilometer equals 1, meters, which means that one square kilometer equals 1 million meters. Your value is still expressed as a percentage, so you'll divide the percentage by According to this analysis, approximately square kilometers were saved by the cancelling of the proposed road. Your value may be slightly different.
Although your value may vary from the example, the overall story remains unchanged. If the proposed road had been constructed, several hundred square kilometers of land would have become deforested, much of that land in untouched rainforest. In addition to the deforestation that would occur directly as a result of the road, even more natural forest may be lost due to unofficial roads branching from the road or the conversion of surrounding land to private holdings. This analysis predicted the impact of a road that was never built.
The process used for the analysis could be adapted to other locations in the Amazon in order to predict the impact of future roads.
Not all proposed roads end up being prohibited, so understanding the deforestation a road may cause can be a key piece of information for balancing economic and ecologic concerns. Additional questions could guide an impact analysis.
For instance, is there a difference between the deforestation caused by official and unofficial roads? Are there additional factors, such as terrain and the protection status of the land, that affect deforestation?
How does changing the sample area of existing roads affect the ultimate outcome of the analysis? You can use ArcMap to explore these questions on your own. You've predicted the amount of deforestation caused by a proposed road. Next, you'll present your findings with a print map that can be saved and shared. Now that you've estimated the amount of deforested area that would have occurred if a proposed road had been built, you'll present your results as part of a finished map layout that you can print or export to a shareable file format.
Because you intend to share your finished map with others, it should be presentable and clear. Finally, you'll print or export your map to share your findings with the world. So far, you've worked in Data View , a map view that allows you to best explore the data layers on your map. To prepare your print map, you'll switch to Layout View , which allows you to see the arrangement of map elements such as legends, scale bars, or titles.
Before you switch views, you'll turn on certain layers so that important reference information is visible on your map. The bright yellow color draws attention to this key part of the map. Next, you'll switch to Layout View and design your map for the printed page. You can also switch between Data View and Layout View by clicking the buttons at the lower left of the map. The map changes to include a frame and rulers that show the dimensions of the layout.
The dimensions are in the default measurement units of your software and may be different than those in the following images. The default layout isn't very appealing. For starters, the layout is vertical, although the extent of your data is horizontal. Furthermore, the layout has no map elements other than some text in the lower right corner that provides the sources for the basemap.
You can navigate the layout using the tools on the Layout toolbar, which opened when you switched to Layout View. Most of the tools on the Layout toolbar are navigation tools with similar functions as the navigation tools with which you are already familiar, such as Zoom Out and Pan. You can still use the tools on the Tools toolbar to navigate the map within the layout.
The Select Template dialog box opens, showing a list of layout templates. You'll use a template that includes a place for a legend, a title, and an inset map.
The window changes to the Data Frame Order dialog box. A data frame is another name for a map. The template you chose has two data frames, one in the main square and one in the smaller square in the lower right.
This dialog box allows you to choose which data frame will be displayed in which square. Currently, you only have one data frame: the Layers data frame, where you have placed all your layers so far. You'll learn more about data frames when you create an inset map later in the lesson.
For now, you'll ignore this window. Besides the main data frame, which contains your map, the layout has spaces for a title, a legend, a text description, and an inset map. The layout zooms to cover the entire page. Take note of the rulers above and to the left of the map. When you applied the new template, the dimensions of the layout changed to 16 by 21 inches the values may be different if you are using another unit of measurement.
These are the default dimensions of the template, but they are much larger than a standard printer paper page. The Page and Print Setup dialog box opens. You'll change the page dimensions to a standard 8. Before you change the page settings, confirm your printer is set to print pages of these dimensions. This option ensures the existing map elements are automatically resized to fit the new page dimensions. The rulers change to reflect the new dimensions.
When the map elements were resized, they moved a little and no longer line up with the layout. Every map element is highlighted with a dashed line and selection handles. If you move any element, all selected elements will move with it. Try to keep all map elements with the exception of the legend, which you'll change in the next section within the dotted line near the border of the page.
This dotted line represents the printer margins. You've prepared the layout of your final map. Next, you'll change the default map elements, beginning with the legend. A legend shows what the map's symbols represent. Your default legend is so long it sticks out over the top of the layout. In this section, you'll format the legend so it fits on the layout and conveys information as clearly as possible. The General tab allows you to choose which map layers appear in the legend and in what order.
By default, the Legend Items list includes every layer on the map, even layers that are turned off. The left and right arrows add or remove items, while the up and down arrows reorder them. The Roads item is removed from the list and will no longer appear in the legend.
Select multiple items at once by holding Ctrl and clicking the items. These items reflect the visible layers. You'll reorder the list so the key elements of your analysis appear at the top and the reference layers appear at the bottom. The Cities item is moved to the bottom of the list. You can use these arrow buttons to move legend items up and down or to the top or bottom of the list. The legend is still too tall.
You don't want to remove any more list items, but you can break the legend into two columns. Additionally, the layer name and heading of the Cities item are too large compared to the rest of the text. This setting adds a second column that includes the Cities item.
Because the Cities item is larger than the others, organizing your columns this way should give you two similarly sized columns. The Legend Item Properties dialog box opens. In this dialog box, you can change the text symbols used by the legend item. Most of your legend items have only one type of text: the label next to the map symbol.
The Cities item has a layer name, an attribute heading, and labels that show the values for each symbol. Next, you'll resize the legend and move it to the middle box in the right column of the layout. Your layout now has a complete legend. You will continue to improve your print map's design. Next, you'll change details of the map and layout to increase clarity. First, you'll add a title.
Then, you'll change the color scheme of the rectangles in the layout to match the map. After that, you'll add a description that explains your analysis and cites your sources. Lastly, you'll change the map's scale and add a scale bar so your audience will understand the size of the area your map represents.
The Properties dialog box opens. Next, you'll change the colors of the rectangles to match your map. The Properties dialog box opens, with options for the rectangle's appearance.
You'll change the other rectangles to a lighter shade of green. The rectangle's Properties dialog box opens. If you find it difficult to click the rectangle without clicking the legend, move the legend out of the way, change the rectangle's color, and move the legend back. Next, you'll add a description to explain the purpose of your map and the results of your analysis. You'll also use it to show the sources of your data. The Draw toolbar opens. This toolbar has options to draw lines, shapes, and text boxes on your map or layout.
About 46 percent of the area within 5. Assuming a similar rate of deforestation, the proposed road would lead to about sq. This description uses the example results, which may differ from your results. Replace the percentage of area near roads and the area of new deforestation values with your own values.
You'll also remove the default black frame that appears around the text box. If your text does not completely fit, your text box may be too small.
Either resize the text box or adjust the rectangle sizes until all text is visible. Next, you'll change the map scale and add a scale bar. A map's scale is the relationship between a distance on the map and a distance on the ground.
Scale is typically expressed as a fraction or ratio. For instance, in a map with a scale, one unit of distance on the map is equal to of the same units of distance in the real world. The scale of your map can be found on the Standard toolbar.
When you rescale the map, your data may become off-center or parts of it may fall outside of the data frame. You can reposition the map in the data frame with the Pan tool on the Tools toolbar. Because your analysis was done in metric measurements, you'll use a metric scale bar.
The scale bar overlaps with the basemap sources. Resizing the scale bar will change the values it displays. The color of the scale bar doesn't show up well on top of the basemap.
Next, you'll create an inset map. An inset or locator map is a smaller map that shows the geographic location of the main map. Your inset map will go in the empty data frame of your layout. To have multiple maps in one layout, each map needs its own data frame. Map documents have only one data frame by default, but you added a second data frame when you applied the layout template. The text in the lower right rectangle gives the name of the new data frame: Layers 2.
In the Table Of Contents , the active data frame is in boldface. On the layout, the active data frame is surrounded by a dashed gray line. Now that you've activated the Layers 2 data frame, you can add data to it.
The layer is added to the Table Of Contents under the Layers 2 data frame. In the layout, it appears in the empty data frame.
You'll accomplish this by changing and customizing the map projection. Create content. Analyze data. Share and collaborate. Manage data. Administer organization. Getting started Learn the basics for creating interactive maps and custom apps, doing analysis, managing data, and sharing your work. Explore playlist. Demos from Esri events The latest capabilities are unveiled and demoed at Esri events.
Explore more videos. Community support. Training classes. Learn how to analyze data to answer questions, then share your analysis and maps.
Register for the class. Tell stories with your maps If your map could tell a story, what would it say? Custom apps without coding Use existing web maps, themes, and widgets within ArcGIS Online to build personalized apps that deliver the functionality you need without coding. Explore more classes. Setting up. Next click on the second icon called Show Table. The underlying data table appears on the screen. Have a look at the table, and then you can close it by clicking on the X in the top right-hand corner of the table.
Finally, click on the third icon called Change Style. This takes you back into the options to edit the colours and symbols on your map. Click Cancel on the Change Style panel. So far we have been working with a spreadsheet that contained geographic information. You can also bring in data from file formats intended for use with Geographic Information Systems GIS , such as shapefiles. There are a number of methods of bringing in geospatial data files. This follows the same process you used when you added your spreadsheet of school locations.
Note : Shapefiles are actually made up of several different files, and so all of the component files must be zipped up before uploading to ArcGIS Online. Choose Generalize features for web display and then click Import Layer. In the Change Style panel, select Location Single symbol. Click Done. You will now see the Toronto electoral wards on your map. Using this method, the data is managed within the map, and there is a limit to the number of features that can be efficiently managed.
The suggested limit is 1, features in a shapefile or 1, rows in a spreadsheet. Next we will explore another way of loading this same data, so we can remove this layer from our map for the moment. In the Contents, for the icitw wgs84 layer, click the icon of 3 dots, and choose Remove. From the Home menu in the top left-hand corner, choose Content.
This takes you out of the map viewer and back to your list of folders and maps. You should be viewing the Toronto Schools folder. Ensure that Publish this file as a hosted layer is selected.
Change the title to something more descriptive, such as Toronto Wards. Note: hosted layers must have a title that is unique across the entire University of Toronto ArcGIS Online system, so for this workshop you will need to append a word, such as your name, to your title, e. Tags are required, so provide at least one tag.
A hosted feature layer is a more scalable way to publish data, which enables you to go beyond the 1, feature threshold. Feature layers are useful when you need to share data for display, query, and editing to an internet audience. You will now see an information page describing your newly created feature layer. It may take some time for the thumbnail preview to appear. Have a look through the Data , Visualization , Usage , and Settings tabs to see all of the available information about this feature layer.
Next, click on Content from the top menu. Select your Toronto Schools folder if it is not selected by default. Notice that there are two entries for your Toronto Wards dataset; one is the original shapefile you uploaded, and the other is the hosted feature layer, which you can use in your ArcGIS Online web maps. Hover over the lock symbol and notice that the feature layer is currently not shared. Now click on the lock symbol. Your sharing options include Everyone public or University of Toronto.
For now you can click Cancel and leave the file unshared. If you wish to use ArcGIS Online to make a web map that you can share with the world, then your feature layers must be set to be shared with Everyone public. If you are using data that you did not create yourself, please verify that you have the rights to share the data publicly.
If you click on the title of the map, you will see the map information page. From there you can click Open in Map Viewer. An alternate way to open the map is to click on the icon with 3 dots, and choose Open in Map Viewer from there instead. Your map opens as it was the last time you saved it. The Search for Layers panel opens. By default, you will be searching within My Content which lists files that you yourself have uploaded to your Content space where you just uploaded the Wards shapefile to.
If you hit the dropdown and choose My Organization, you might discover that you are searching hosted feature layers that have been shared by anyone in the University of Toronto ArcGIS Online system. Your recently-uploaded layer will not be included there because you have not shared it yet. Your Toronto Wards layer is the only hosted feature layer you have, so it is the only item that appears in the results list.
In the Search for Layers panel, click the back arrow , returning you to the Contents window. Notice that the wards now appear to be floating on top of the school locations. In the Contents panel, hover your cursor near the check box for the Wards layer. You should notice the cursor changes its symbol. When the cursor changes you can then drag the Wards layer down below the Schools layer in the Contents. This will cause the schools to draw on top of the wards.
Are you happy with the way this map looks? Use the Change Style options to edit the colours, symbols, and transparency for the wards and schools until you are happy with them. Hover your cursor over the Toronto Wards layer until the options appear. Click the Show Legend button. From the workshop materials folder, open the file bikeways.
When ArcGIS Desktop opens, you will notice that the layout is somewhat similar to ArcGIS Online, with a contents panel on the left, a large map view on the right, and menu options along the top. ArcGIS Desktop is a powerful software package for analysis of geospatial data.
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