Drug-resistant TB should be managed by or in close consultation with an expert in the disease. Specifically, FDA indicated that the risks of adverse effects of fluoroquinolone antibacterial drugs generally outweigh the benefits for patients with sinusitis, bronchitis, and uncomplicated urinary tract infections who have other treatment options. While patients receiving fluoroquinolone antibacterial drugs for tuberculosis TB also have a chance of experiencing the adverse effects noted by FDA, fluoroquinolone antibacterial drugs are absolutely necessary for some patients who have drug-resistant TB disease or drug-resistant latent TB infection or who cannot tolerate first-line TB drugs.
For these TB patients, there are no better alternatives, and the benefits of fluoroquinolone antibacterial drugs outweigh the risks because TB is not a minor infection, but potentially fatal or debilitating. If you are a TB patient receiving fluoroquinolone antibacterial drugs and have questions, please contact your medical provider or local or state TB control program.
If you are a medical provider and have questions about the use of fluoroquinolone antibacterial drugs in TB treatment, please contact your local or state TB control program. A substantial proportion of patients treated for these forms of drug-resistant TB experience serious side effects, including: depression or psychosis, hearing loss, hepatitis, and kidney impairment.
The average cost of treating a person with TB disease increases with greater resistance. Direct costs in U. When including productivity losses e. PDF pdf icon [1.
Skip directly to site content Skip directly to page options Skip directly to A-Z link. Although your body can harbor the bacteria that cause tuberculosis, your immune system usually can prevent you from becoming sick.
For this reason, doctors make a distinction between:. Tuberculosis can also affect other parts of your body, including the kidneys, spine or brain. When TB occurs outside your lungs, signs and symptoms vary according to the organs involved. For example, tuberculosis of the spine might cause back pain, and tuberculosis in your kidneys might cause blood in your urine.
See your doctor if you have a fever, unexplained weight loss, drenching night sweats or a persistent cough. These are often indications of TB but can also result from other conditions. Also, see your doctor if you think you've been exposed to TB. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends that people who have an increased risk of tuberculosis be screened for latent TB infection. This recommendation includes people who:. Tuberculosis is caused by bacteria that spread from person to person through microscopic droplets released into the air.
This can happen when someone with the untreated, active form of tuberculosis coughs, speaks, sneezes, spits, laughs or sings. Although tuberculosis is contagious, it's not easy to catch.
You're much more likely to get tuberculosis from someone you live or work with than from a stranger. Most people with active TB who've had appropriate drug treatment for at least two weeks are no longer contagious. HIV suppresses the immune system, making it difficult for the body to control TB bacteria. Treatment for tuberculosis TB usually involves taking antibiotics for several months. While TB is a serious condition that can be fatal if left untreated, deaths are rare if treatment is completed.
You'll be prescribed at least a 6-month course of a combination of antibiotics if you're diagnosed with active pulmonary TB, where your lungs are affected and you have symptoms. It may be several weeks before you start to feel better.
The exact length of time will depend on your overall health and the severity of your TB. However, it's important to continue taking your medicine exactly as prescribed and to complete the whole course of antibiotics. If you stop taking your antibiotics before you complete the course or you skip a dose, the TB infection may become resistant to the antibiotics.
This is potentially serious because it can be difficult to treat and will require a longer course of treatment with different, and possibly more toxic, therapies. If you find it difficult to take your medicine every day, your treatment team can work with you to find a solution.
This may include having regular contact with your treatment team at home, at the treatment clinic, or somewhere else that's more convenient.
If treatment is completed correctly, you should not need any further checks by a TB specialist afterwards.
You may be given advice about spotting signs that the illness has returned, although this is rare. Extrapulmonary TB — TB that occurs outside the lungs — can be treated using the same combination of antibiotics as those used to treat pulmonary TB. People who enter the rooms will wear special facemasks to protect themselves. DNA fingerprinting of TB strains can track the spread of a particular strain, confirm that an outbreak has occurred, and show the difference between cases in which a latent infection has been reactivated from those that are caused by recent infection.
When TB patients don't take their medicine properly, the TB bacteria may become resistant to certain drugs. This means the drugs can no longer kill the bacteria. Drug resistance is most likely to occur when people? Multi-drug-resistant TB MDR-TB is a form of tuberculosis that is resistant to two or more of the first-line drugs used to treat the disease.
When the bacteria resist the antibiotics used to attack them, they relay that ability to new bacteria that is produced. People with multi-drug-resistant TB must be treated with special second-line drugs. These drugs don't kill the bacteria as well as the first-line drugs, and they often cause more severe side effects. If a person with MDR-TB spreads the disease to someone else and that person comes down with active disease, it will be multi-drug-resistant from the beginning.
In the early s, there were several outbreaks of multi-drug-resistant TB in New York City hospitals that were caused primarily by the spread of one strain, strain W, that went from patient to patient to patient. This strain was resistant to between seven and nine drugs. A large number of these patients died, and many health-care workers now have latent infections with this highly resistant strain. This occurs when a doctor doesn't prescribe the right drugs or when a patient doesn't take the drugs properly.
This allows individual bacteria that have natural resistance to a drug to multiply. Over time, the majority of bacteria in the body become resistant.
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